Published: 13 October 2021

COVID-19

Adverse events following immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines: Safety Report #30 – 25 September 2021

Medsafe advises people NOT to make any decisions about vaccination based on information contained in this report. If you have questions or concerns about receiving a vaccine, please speak to a health care professional.

Introduction

This page provides information on the number of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) reports received for COVID-19 vaccines.

An AEFI is an untoward medical event which follows immunisation and does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the administration of the vaccine. The adverse event may be an unfavourable or unintended sign, abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease.

The national roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines commenced on 20 February 2021. The vaccine currently available in New Zealand is Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty). All medicines can cause side effects, the known side effects for Comirnaty are listed in the data sheet and consumer medicine information.

Suspected AEFI to COVID-19 vaccines are reported to the Centre for Adverse Reactions Monitoring (CARM). The Ministry of Health (through Medsafe) contracts the collection of this information to CARM, based at the University of Otago in Dunedin. Medsafe is closely monitoring the AEFI reported from the use of the COVID-19 vaccine. Find out more about vaccine safety monitoring.

Medsafe and CARM thank everyone who has contributed to the monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines. Please continue to report any adverse events following immunisation.

Adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) reported

The information below includes:

  • AEFI reports received and vaccine doses administered
  • AEFI reports by prioritised ethnicity and vaccine dose
  • AEFI reports by age band and vaccine dose
  • the top 10 most frequently reported AEFIs by vaccine dose.

AEFI reports received and vaccine doses administered, up to and including 25 September 2021

2,160

New AEFI reports since last update

(2,088 new non-serious and 72 new serious)

0

New safety signals (potential safety issues) have been identified

 

5,023,884

Total doses administered

(cumulative)

21,994

Total AEFI reports that were non-serious

838

Total AEFI reports that were serious

22,832

Total AEFI reports that were received

(cumulative)


There were 2,088 non-serious and 72 serious reports this week. Sadly, this week we have seven more notifications of death. Any possibility of a causal link is investigated as part of our routine investigations and no new safety concerns with the Comirnaty vaccine were raised by these reports.

For information about reported deaths, please refer to the summary of reported deaths section.

AEFI reports received by prioritised ethnicity and vaccine dose, up to and including 25 September 2021

Ethnicitya Dose 1 Dose 2 Total
Māori 1,121 602 1,723
Pacific Peoples 460 329 789
Asian 1,826 989 2,815
European/Other 10,989 6,107 17,096
Unknownb 276 130 406
Total 14,672 8,157 22,829c

Notes:

  1. The prioritised ethnicity classification system allocates each person to a single ethnic group, based on the ethnic groups they identify with. Where people identify with more than one group, they are assigned in this order of priority: Māori, Pacific Peoples, Asian, and European/Other. So, if a person identifies as being Māori and New Zealand European, the person is counted as Māori. See Ethnicity Data Protocols for further information.
  2. There were 406 AEFI reports where the person’s ethnicity was not reported. Counts may change due to receipt of additional information. Ethnicity is not required for an AEFI report to be considered valid. See ‘Valid report’ in the Definitions section below.
  3. The total is different from the cumulative total above because it excludes 3 AEFI reports received for infants who did not receive the vaccine.

AEFI reports received by age band and vaccine dose, up to and including 25 September 2021

Age Dose 1 Dose 2 Total
10 - 19 years 1,592 206 1,798
20 - 29 years 2,680 1,146 3,826
30 - 39 years 2,891 1,510 4,401
40 - 49 years 2,497 1,555 4,052
50 - 59 years 2,265 1,610 3,875
60 - 69 years 1,545 1,165 2,710
70 - 79 years 804 662 1,466
80+ years 377 291 668
Unknowna 21 12 33
Total 14,672  8,157  22,829b

Note:

  1. There were 33 AEFI reports where the person’s age was not reported. Counts may change due to receipt of additional information. Age is not required for an AEFI report to be considered valid. See ‘Valid report’ in the Definitions section below.
  2. The total is different from the cumulative total above because it excludes 3 AEFI reports received for infants who did not receive the vaccine.

Top 10 most frequently reported AEFIs, dose 1 and dose 2, up to and including 25 September 2021

Reaction Number dose 1 Number dose 2 Number any dose
Dizziness 5,148 2,081 7,229
Headache 3,436 3,364 6,800
Injection site pain 2,727 2,614 5,341
Lethargy 2,597 2,707 5,304
Nausea 2,886 2,020 4,906
Fever 1,094 1,892 2,986
Chest discomfort 1,794 1,064 2,858
Numbness 1,270 675 1,945
Syncope (fainting) 1,398 469 1,867
Shortness of breath 1,053 639 1,692


Download a list of the top 50 most frequently reported AEFIs (any dose)..

Please note that one adverse event report, which represents one person, may report on more than one symptom. Reports are sent to CARM if the reporter suspects that the vaccine may have caused the event. This does not necessarily mean that the vaccine did cause the event.

The number of reports can be influenced by how many people are being vaccinated, media attention, the nature of the events (eg, how painful the vaccination was), and other factors which vary over time. Not everyone who has an adverse reaction reports it, and some people may report AEFIs after each vaccination. The information here shows the number of reports not the number of people who experienced an AEFI.

The information is limited by the information provided in the report and may change over time due to quality control procedures and/or receipt of additional information. Non-valid reports are not included in the data.

Summary of reported deaths

Up to and including 25 September 2021, a total of 75 deaths were reported to CARM after the administration of the Comirnaty vaccine. Following medical assessments by CARM and Medsafe it has been determined that:

  • 27 of these deaths are unlikely related to the COVID-19 vaccine
  • 14 deaths could not be assessed due to insufficient information
  • 33 cases are still under investigation.
  • 1 death was likely due to vaccine induced myocarditis (awaiting Coroner’s determination)

By chance, some people will experience new illnesses or die from a pre-existing condition shortly after vaccination, especially if they are elderly. Therefore, part of our review process includes comparing natural death rates to observed death rates following vaccination, to determine if there are any specific trends or patterns that might indicate a vaccine safety concern. See below for more information about these observed-versus-expected analyses.

To date, the observed number of deaths reported after vaccination is actually less than the expected number of natural deaths.

Mortalities by age group up to and including 25 September 2021 reported to CARM

Age Mortalities
10 - 29 years 1
30 - 59 years 9
60 - 79 years 36
80+ years 29

Observed-versus-expected analyses

These analyses are updated monthly. The next update is expected in Safety Report #32.

See the Observed-versus-expected analyses in Safety Report #28 for data up to 30 June 2021.

Adverse events of special interest

Adverse events of special interest (AESI) are pre-specified medically significant events that have the potential to be causally associated with the vaccine and must be carefully monitored. AESI can be serious or non-serious and can include:

  • Events of interest due to their association with COVID-19 infection.
  • Events of interest for vaccines in general (e.g. to the specific vaccine type or adjuvants).

The list of AESIs below takes into consideration the lists of AESIs from expert groups such as the Brighton Collaboration, manufacturers and other regulatory authorities. The AESI list changes based on the evolving safety profile of vaccines. It is important to note that although these adverse events may occur after being vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine in New Zealand, they are rare and may not necessarily be related to the vaccine. Medsafe and CARM review the reports to determine whether the vaccine may have played a role in the occurrence of these events.

Adverse events of special interest (AESI) up to and including 25 September 2021

AESI Category AESI Totala
Immune system disorders Guillain-Barré Syndrome 7
Thrombocytopenia 13
Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) 0
Anaphylaxisb 57
Cardiovascular system Myocardial infarction (heart attack) 27
Myocarditis/pericarditis 109
Blood and lymphatic system Thrombosis 22
Embolism 51
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 54
Vasculitis 14
Haemorrhage 75
Hepato-gastrointestinal and renal system Acute kidney injury 9
Acute liver injury 0
Nervous system Aseptic meningitis 0
Encephalitis <6
Stroke 50
Bell's Palsy/facial paralysis 81
Myelitis/myelitis transverse <6
Infections and musculoskeletal Erythema multiforme <6
Arthritis 24
Herpes zoster 138
Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions Abortion (spontaneous abortion /miscarriage) 6
  1. Includes all reports, both serious and non-serious. Counts below 6 are reported as <6 for privacy reasons. Counts may change due to receipt of additional information and subsequent reclassification of cases.
  2. Includes reports meeting levels 1-3 of the Brighton Collaboration case definition.

Summary of safety signals

Summary of Medsafe’s investigations into possible safety signals

Safety signal Outcome
Blood clots Continue to monitor. See also the Monitoring communication
Appendicitis Continue to monitor
Myocarditis/pericarditis Information has been added to Comirnaty data sheet. See also the Alert communication
Herpes zoster Continue to monitor
Bell’s palsy/facial paralysis Continue to monitor
Menstrual disorder Continue to monitor
Stroke Continue to monitor
Tinnitus Continue to monitor
AEFIs in the elderly Continue to monitor and updated data sheet
Pancreatitis Continue to monitor
Glomerular diseases Continue to monitor
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Continue to monitor
Thrombocytopenia Continue to monitor
AEFIs in children Continue to monitor

Definitions

Adverse event following immunisation (AEFI)
An AEFI is an untoward medical event which follows immunisation and does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the administration of the vaccine. The adverse event may be an unfavourable or unintended sign, abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease.
Serious adverse event following immunisation
An AEFI is considered serious if it:
  • is a medically important event or reaction
  • requires hospitalisation or prolongs an existing hospitalisation
  • causes persistent or significant disability or incapacity
  • is life threatening
  • causes a congenital anomaly/birth defect
  • results in death.
It is possible for different people to have experienced the same event but for the report to be serious for one person and non-serious for another person.
Adverse events of special interest (AESI)
An AESI is a pre-specified medically significant event that has the potential to be causally associated with the vaccine product based on past experience, the technology used to make the vaccine or the infection the vaccine is used to protect against. AESIs need to be carefully monitored and any potential association to vaccination confirmed by further analysis and studies.
Safety signal
Information on a new or known adverse event that may be caused by the vaccine and requires further investigation. Safety signals can be detected from a wide range of sources such as CARM reports, clinical studies and scientific literature.
Valid report
There are only four requirements for a valid AEFI report:
  1. one patient identifier (eg, name, initials, gender, date of birth, age)
  2. suspect medicine(s)
  3. suspected reaction(s)
  4. reporter details.
These four requirements are the minimum requirements. However, including more information in the report helps Medsafe to investigate the reaction more quickly. Reporting is easiest online.

More information

See the data sheets and consumer medicine information for the expected reactions for approved COVID-19 vaccines.

COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring Process

View Ministry of Health COVID-19 vaccine data

Latest listing of all cases received

The latest listing of AEFIs received is included in the attached spreadsheet. Medsafe advises patients NOT to make any decisions about vaccination based on information contained here.

Download AEFI-line-listing.xlsm

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